| Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern. Red Fruit Bearberry USDA ARRU |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Forage Berries eaten greedily by bears and ptarmigan. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 23 |
| Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern. Red Fruit Bearberry USDA ARRU |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries and salmonberries stored in barrels for future use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 109 |
| Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern. Red Fruit Bearberry USDA ARRU |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
| Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fern. Red Fruit Bearberry USDA ARRU |
Tanana, Upper Other, Season Indicator Red leaves indicated fattened moose and the time to hunt them. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 10 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Costanoan Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 12 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Costanoan Food, Beverage Fruit steeped in cold water to produce a cider. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Costanoan Food, Dried Food Fruit dried and stored for winter use. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Costanoan Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 252 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Diegueno Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of leaves used for the kidneys. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Diegueno Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 15 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Hualapai Food, Beverage Berries used to make a drink. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Hualapai Food, Dried Food Berries dried and stored for future use. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 46 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Mahuna Food, Fruit Berries eaten mainly to quench the thirst. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Miwok Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make mush stirring paddles. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 146 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Paiute Food, Dried Food Fruit sun dried, stored in buckskin bags and hung up for winter use. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 245 |
| Arctostaphylos sp. Manzanita |
Tubatulabal Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Costanoan (Olhonean) Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion of bark powder taken for lung hemorrhages. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 373 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Hoh Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Mendocino Indian Food, Beverage Berries used to make cider. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 377 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Miwok Drug, Dietary Aid Cider employed as an appetizer to create appetite. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Miwok Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cider used for stomach trouble. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Miwok Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Leaves chewed for stomachache and cramps. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161162 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Miwok Food, Beverage Berries crushed for sweet, unfermented cider. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Miwok Food, Winter Use Food Dried berries stored for winter consumption, chewed but never swallowed. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 161 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Pomo Food, Dried Food Seeds ground, molded into biscuits and sun-dried. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 81 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Pomo Food, Porridge Seeds ground into meal and rock boiled to make mush. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 81 |
| Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Lindl. Woollyleaf Manzanita USDA ARTOT3 |
Quileute Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Bella Coola Food, Special Food Berries formerly mixed with melted mountain goat fat and served to chiefs at feasts. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 204 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to itching and peeling scalp. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, applied as a salve to rashes and skin sores. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of plant used as a mouthwash for cankers and sore gums. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant, mixed with grease & boiled hoof, used as a wash for baby's head. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Beverage Crushed leaves used to make tea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Dried Food Berries dried and later soaked with sugar. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw or mashed in fat and fried. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved for later use. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Dried berries used in rattles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves mixed with tobacco, dried cambium or red osier dogwood and used in all religious bundles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 14 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Jewelry Dried berries strung on necklaces. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Season Indicator Heavy fruit set taken by the medicine men as a sign of a severe winter to come. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Crushed leaves smoked with tobacco. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 101 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Blackfoot Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried and mixed with tobacco. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves placed on a piece of wood, roasted to a powder and placed on a cut for rapid healing. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves pounded into a paste and applied to boils and pimples. Hocking, George M., 1949, From Pokeroot to Penicillin, The Rocky Mountain Druggist, November 1949. Pages 12, 38., page 12 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Carrier Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of ground leaves and stems applied to sores. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |